[[:oktatas:programozás:python|< Python]]

====== PyGame ======

  * **Szerző:** Sallai András
  * Copyright (c) 2020, Sallai András
  * Licenc: [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]]
  * Web: https://szit.hu

===== PyGame kezdés =====

<code python kezdes.py>
import pygame
import time

pygame.init()

display = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 250))
pygame.display.set_caption('Teszt')

time.sleep(5)
pygame.quit()
quit() 
</code>

===== Események =====

<code python esemeny.py>
import pygame

pygame.init()

display = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 250))
pygame.display.set_caption('Teszt')

gameEnd = False

while not gameEnd:
	for event in pygame.event.get():
		if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
			pygame.quit()
			quit()            

</code>

===== Kurzormozgatók =====

<code python kurzorMozgatok.py>
import pygame

pygame.init()

display = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 250))
pygame.display.set_caption('Teszt')

gameEnd = False

while not gameEnd:
	for event in pygame.event.get():
		if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
			pygame.quit()
			quit()
		if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
			if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
				print("Balra")
			if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
				print("Jobb")
			if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
				print("Fel")
			if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
				print("Le")


</code>

===== Események megtekintése =====

<code python esemenyMutat.py>
import pygame

pygame.init()

display = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
pygame.display.set_caption('Teszt')

clock = pygame.time.Clock()


while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            quit()            
        print(event)

    pygame.display.update()
    clock.tick(1)

</code>

===== Osztály használata =====

<code python osztaly.py>
import pygame

class Jatek(object):
	def main(self, kepernyo):
		while True:
			for event in pygame.event.get():
				if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
					return
				if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and \
						event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
					return
if __name__ == '__main__':
	pygame.init()
	kepernyo = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
	Jatek().main(kepernyo)
</code>

===== Rajzolás a képernyőre =====


<code>
     0 ->  X        640
0   |------------------|
    |                  |
|   |                  |
v   |                  |
    |                  |
    |                  |
Y   |                  |
    |                  |
480 |------------------|

   
</code>


===== Kép beillesztése =====

<code python kep.py>

import pygame

class Jatek(object):
	def main(self, kepernyo):
		kep = pygame.image.load('kep.png')
		
		while True:
			for event in pygame.event.get():
				if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
					return
				if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and \
						event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
					return
			kepernyo.fill((200, 200, 200))  # A képernyő színezése
			kepernyo.blit(kep, (100, 100))  # A kép elhelyezése
			pygame.display.flip()           # A puffer megjelenítése
if __name__ == '__main__':
	pygame.init()
	kepernyo = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
	Jatek().main(kepernyo)

</code>

===== Kevesebb processzoridő beállítása =====

<code python proc.py>

import pygame

class Jatek(object):
	def main(self, kepernyo):
		clock = pygame.time.Clock()
		
		kep = pygame.image.load('kep.png')
		
		while True:
			clock.tick(30)
			
			for event in pygame.event.get():
				if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
					return
				if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and \
						event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
					return
			kepernyo.fill((200, 200, 200))
			kepernyo.blit(kep, (100, 100))
			pygame.display.flip()
if __name__ == '__main__':
	pygame.init()
	kepernyo = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
	Jatek().main(kepernyo)

</code>

===== Animáció =====

<code python animacio.py>

import pygame

class Jatek(object):
	def main(self, kepernyo):
		clock = pygame.time.Clock()
		
		kep = pygame.image.load('kep.png')
		kep_x = 250
		kep_y = 150
		
		while True:
			clock.tick(30)
			
			for event in pygame.event.get():
				if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
					return
				if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and \
						event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
					return
			kep_x += 10
			kepernyo.fill((200, 200, 200))
			# ~ kepernyo.blit(kep, (100, 100))
			kepernyo.blit(kep, (kep_x, kep_y))
			pygame.display.flip()
if __name__ == '__main__':
	pygame.init()
	kepernyo = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
	Jatek().main(kepernyo)

</code>


===== Kurzormozgatók figyelése =====

<code python jatek.py>

import pygame

class Jatek(object):
	def main(self, kepernyo):
		clock = pygame.time.Clock()
		
		kep = pygame.image.load('kep.png')
		kep_x = 250
		kep_y = 150
		
		while True:
			clock.tick(30)
			
			for event in pygame.event.get():
				if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
					return
				if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and \
						event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
					return
			# ~ kep_x += 10
			key = pygame.key.get_pressed()
			if key[pygame.K_LEFT]:
				kep_x -= 10
			if key[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
				kep_x += 10
			if key[pygame.K_UP]:
				kep_y -= 10
			if key[pygame.K_DOWN]:
				kep_y += 10
				
			kepernyo.fill((200, 200, 200))
			# ~ kepernyo.blit(kep, (100, 100))
			kepernyo.blit(kep, (kep_x, kep_y))
			pygame.display.flip()
if __name__ == '__main__':
	pygame.init()
	kepernyo = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
	Jatek().main(kepernyo)

</code>

===== Egéresemények =====

  * MOUSEBUTTONDOWN
  * MOUSEBUTTONUP
  * MOUSEMOTION

===== Jatekos osztály =====

<code python jatek.py>

import pygame

class Jatekos(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
	def __init__(self, *groups):
		super(Jatekos, self).__init__(*groups)		
		self.image = pygame.image.load('jatekos.png')
		self.rect = pygame.rect.Rect((320, 240), self.image.get_size())
	
	def update(self):
		key = pygame.key.get_pressed()
		if key[pygame.K_LEFT]:
			self.rect.x -= 10
		if key[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
			self.rect.x += 10
		if key[pygame.K_UP]:
			self.rect.y -= 10
		if key[pygame.K_DOWN]:
			self.rect.y += 10

class Jatek(object):
	def main(self, kepernyo):
		clock = pygame.time.Clock()
		sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
		self.player = Jatekos(sprites)
		
		while True:
			clock.tick(30)
			
			for event in pygame.event.get():
				if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
					return
				if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and \
						event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
					return
			sprites.update()
			kepernyo.fill((200, 200, 200))
			sprites.draw(kepernyo)
			pygame.display.flip()

if __name__ == '__main__':
	pygame.init()
	kepernyo = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
	Jatek().main(kepernyo)

</code>

===== Háttér =====

<code python jatek.py>

import pygame

class Jatekos(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
	def __init__(self, *groups):
		super(Jatekos, self).__init__(*groups)		
		self.image = pygame.image.load('jatekos.png')
		self.rect = pygame.rect.Rect((320, 240), self.image.get_size())
	
	def update(self, dt):
		key = pygame.key.get_pressed()
		if key[pygame.K_LEFT]:
			self.rect.x -= 300 * dt
		if key[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
			self.rect.x += 300 * dt
		if key[pygame.K_UP]:
			self.rect.y -= 300 * dt
		if key[pygame.K_DOWN]:
			self.rect.y += 300 * dt

class Jatek(object):
	def main(self, kepernyo):
		clock = pygame.time.Clock()
		
		background = pygame.image.load('hatter.png')
		sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
		self.player = Jatekos(sprites)
		
		while True:
			dt = clock.tick(30)
			
			for event in pygame.event.get():
				if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
					return
				if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and \
						event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
					return
			sprites.update(dt / 1000.)
			# ~ kepernyo.fill((200, 200, 200))
			kepernyo.blit(background, (0, 0))
			sprites.draw(kepernyo)
			pygame.display.flip()

if __name__ == '__main__':
	pygame.init()
	kepernyo = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
	Jatek().main(kepernyo)

</code>

===== Finom időzítés =====

<code python jatek.py>

import pygame

class Jatekos(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
	def __init__(self, *groups):
		super(Jatekos, self).__init__(*groups)		
		self.image = pygame.image.load('jatekos.png')
		self.rect = pygame.rect.Rect((320, 240), self.image.get_size())
	
	def update(self, dt):
		key = pygame.key.get_pressed()
		if key[pygame.K_LEFT]:
			self.rect.x -= 300 * dt
		if key[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
			self.rect.x += 300 * dt
		if key[pygame.K_UP]:
			self.rect.y -= 300 * dt
		if key[pygame.K_DOWN]:
			self.rect.y += 300 * dt

class Jatek(object):
	def main(self, kepernyo):
		clock = pygame.time.Clock()
		sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
		self.player = Jatekos(sprites)
		
		while True:
			dt = clock.tick(30)
			
			for event in pygame.event.get():
				if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
					return
				if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and \
						event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
					return
			sprites.update(dt / 1000.)
			kepernyo.fill((200, 200, 200))
			sprites.draw(kepernyo)
			pygame.display.flip()

if __name__ == '__main__':
	pygame.init()
	kepernyo = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
	Jatek().main(kepernyo)

</code>
===== Ütközésfigyelés =====

<code python jatek.py>

import pygame

class Jatekos(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
	def __init__(self, *groups):
		super(Jatekos, self).__init__(*groups)		
		self.image = pygame.image.load('jatekos.png')
		self.rect = pygame.rect.Rect((320, 240), self.image.get_size())
	
	def update(self, dt, game):
		last = self.rect.copy()
		
		key = pygame.key.get_pressed()
		if key[pygame.K_LEFT]:
			self.rect.x -= 300 * dt
		if key[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
			self.rect.x += 300 * dt
		if key[pygame.K_UP]:
			self.rect.y -= 300 * dt
		if key[pygame.K_DOWN]:
			self.rect.y += 300 * dt
		for cell in pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, game.walls, False):
			self.rect = last

class Jatek(object):
	def main(self, kepernyo):
		clock = pygame.time.Clock()
		
		background = pygame.image.load('hatter.png')
		sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
		self.player = Jatekos(sprites)
		
		
		self.walls = pygame.sprite.Group()
		szikla = pygame.image.load('szikla.png')
		for x in range(0, 640, 32):
			for y in range(0, 480, 32):
				if x in (0, 640-32) or y in (0, 480-32):
					wall = pygame.sprite.Sprite(self.walls)
					wall.image = szikla
					wall.rect = pygame.rect.Rect((x, y), wall.image.get_size())
		sprites.add(self.walls)
		
		while True:
			dt = clock.tick(30)
			
			for event in pygame.event.get():
				if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
					return
				if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and \
						event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
					return
			sprites.update(dt / 1000., self)
			kepernyo.blit(background, (0, 0))
			sprites.draw(kepernyo)
			pygame.display.flip()

if __name__ == '__main__':
	pygame.init()
	kepernyo = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
	Jatek().main(kepernyo)

</code>

===== Gravitáció ugró játékossal =====

<code python jatek.py>

import pygame

class Jatekos(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
	def __init__(self, *groups):
		super(Jatekos, self).__init__(*groups)		
		self.image = pygame.image.load('jatekos.png')
		self.rect = pygame.rect.Rect((320, 240), self.image.get_size())
		self.resting = False
		self.dy = 0
	
	def update(self, dt, game):
		last = self.rect.copy()
		
		key = pygame.key.get_pressed()
		if key[pygame.K_LEFT]:
			self.rect.x -= 300 * dt
		if key[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
			self.rect.x += 300 * dt
		# ~ if key[pygame.K_UP]:
			# ~ self.rect.y -= 300 * dt
		# ~ if key[pygame.K_DOWN]:
			# ~ self.rect.y += 300 * dt

		if self.resting and key[pygame.K_SPACE]:
			self.dy = -500
		self.dy = min(400, self.dy + 40)
		
		self.rect.y += self.dy * dt

		new = self.rect
		self.resting = False
		for cell in pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, game.walls, False):
			# ~ self.rect = last
			cell = cell.rect
			if last.right <= cell.left and new.right > cell.left:
				new.right = cell.left
			if last.left >= cell.right and new.left < cell.right:
				new.left = cell.right
			if last.bottom <= cell.top and new.bottom > cell.top:
				self.resting = True
				new.bottom = cell.top
				self.dy = 0
			if last.top >= cell.bottom and new.top < cell.bottom:
				new.top = cell.bottom
				self.dy = 0

class Jatek(object):
	def main(self, kepernyo):
		clock = pygame.time.Clock()
		
		background = pygame.image.load('hatter.png')
		sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
		self.player = Jatekos(sprites)
		
		
		self.walls = pygame.sprite.Group()
		szikla = pygame.image.load('szikla.png')
		for x in range(0, 640, 32):
			for y in range(0, 480, 32):
				if x in (0, 640-32) or y in (0, 480-32):
					wall = pygame.sprite.Sprite(self.walls)
					wall.image = szikla
					wall.rect = pygame.rect.Rect((x, y), wall.image.get_size())
		sprites.add(self.walls)
		
		while True:
			dt = clock.tick(30)
			
			for event in pygame.event.get():
				if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
					return
				if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and \
						event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
					return
			sprites.update(dt / 1000., self)
			kepernyo.blit(background, (0, 0))
			sprites.draw(kepernyo)
			pygame.display.flip()

if __name__ == '__main__':
	pygame.init()
	kepernyo = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
	Jatek().main(kepernyo)

</code>

===== PyGame és OpenGL =====
==== Telepítés ====

  pip3 install pygame

Szükséges még a OpenGL:
  pip3 install pyopengl pyopengl-accelerate

==== Ellenőrzés ====

Indítsuk el az IDLE programot. Mondjuk írjuk be parancssorba:
  idle

Majd python értelmezőbe írjuk be:
<code>
import pygame
import OpenGL
</code>

Ha nem kapunk hibaüzenetet, akkor rendben telepítve van.

==== Kezdés ====

Egy tipikus PyGame programot így szokás kezdeni:

<code python>
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
</code>

Importáljuk a pygame modult és a pygame.locals-t.
Ezt követően a OpenGL.GL, és az OpenGL.GLU modulokra
lesz szükségünk.


==== Vonal ====

<code python line.py>
#!/usr/bin/python3

import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *


def Haromszog():
	glBegin(GL_LINES)
	glVertex3f(-0.5, 0.5, 0)
	glVertex3f(0.5, 0, 0)
	glVertex3f(-0.5, -0.5, 0)
	glEnd()

def main():
	pygame.init()
	display = (800, 600)
	pygame.display.set_mode(display, DOUBLEBUF|OPENGL)
	gluPerspective(45, (display[0]/display[1]), 0.1, 50.0)
	glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, -5)
	while True:
		for event in pygame.event.get():
			if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
				pygame.quit()
				quit()
		glRotatef(1, 3, 1, 1)
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
		Haromszog()
		pygame.display.flip()
		pygame.time.wait(10)

main()

</code>

===== Források =====
  * https://pythonprogramming.net/opengl-rotating-cube-example-pyopengl-tutorial/ (2020)
  * https://pythonprogramming.net/pygame-python-3-tutorial-series/ (2020)
  * Richard Jones: Introduction to game programming - PyCon 2014
    * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMt47wvK6u0&feature=emb_err_woyt